A study examined elementary school writing instruction to determine (1) how frequently students are writing, (2) when in the curriculum writing occurs, and (3) in what forms the writing occurs. Data were collected in 75 elementary classrooms in 25 midwestern schools during a 15-day period. The data deviated little from what D. Graves reported in…

The purpose of the three papers that make up this document is to explore and redefine the role of debate judges. The first paper, by Leslie Phillips, begins with the assertion that the debate judge is first and foremost an educator, notes that judging is one of the forces that shape and direct competitive forensics, and goes on to consider…

The success of Charles C. Fries' Oral Approach to teaching English as a second language (ESL) as promoted in Japan by the English Language Exploratory Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s is examined according to Jack Richards' four major factors that affect the course of a teaching method: appeals to facts; appeals to authority; form of…

To many people, the term "clinical supervision" now means the Hunter Model, which involves monitoring of teachers' classroom behavior for usage of Hunter's essential elements of instruction, feedback of these results, reinforcement of desired practice, and a prescription for remediation of teachers' performance. In contrast, the…

Consulting can give college writing instructors the opportunity to teach in a radically new environment. The conditions under which writing is taught in-house for business and industry are not as highly structured as they are in academia, and, in fact, point up the distinction between training and education. Training, focused on singular and…

This document reports on a study conducted in Wisconsin to determine the relative incidence of evaluations of high school principals by boards of education, the degree of formality of these evaluations, and the sources of information and/or criteria used. Results determined that evaluation of high school principals by school boards occurs on a…

This manual was developed for use by personnel responsible for staff development in adapting curricula and improving instruction. It enables the trainer to help content area teachers accommodate a variety of students with different learning styles and capabilities. The model presented provides a process for assessing needs of students, adapting…

The manual is designed to help special education administrators, teachers, and other interested people to develop an intergenerational school volunteer program. Background information on the program serving Alleghany County (Pennsylvania) is provided along with a review of benefits for students, teachers, volunteers, and the schools. Concerns of…

An approach which is designed to help students better understand the utility of models in understanding and doing physics, specifically in a course in light and color, is described in this paper. Explanations are given and illustrations are provided of an analogue model of waves which assist in the creation of an abstract model to deduce Snell's…

Intended for administrators and policymakers as well as teachers, this digest provides a rationale for an integrated language arts curriculum. The digest first defines integrating the language arts curriculum as providing natural learning situations in which reading, writing, speaking, and listening can be developed together for real purposes and…

A survey was conducted to determine the nature of career education programs provided for gifted/talented (G/T) students in the West Kentucky service region. Thirteen gifted coordinators completed questionnaires on programing. All respondents indicated that some type of pull out program was employed for their G/T students. Fifteen percent also…

Viewing language learning in terms of the development of proficiency has important implications for the process of curriculum development in English as a second language. A proficiency-oriented curriculum derives not from an analysis of the language code, but from an analysis of target language behaviors. The interest is in both the product and…

Retreats, which have been used by churches and corporations for some time, are currently being looked into by college presidents and boards of trustees as a means of training and problem solving. While many types of retreats may not be appropriate for boards, a well-planned working retreat can be an effective way for trustees to: (1) really get to…

A three-stage model to diagnose and treat learning difficulties is presented. The three stages include: status assessment; cause estimation; and treatment recommendations. This paper concentrates on the first part of the second stage--that of generating likely causes for the learning difficulties in a given case. A list of questions is offered to…

Between-group designs constitute the experimental methods traditionally applied in the field of education. Another level of analysis, however, is commonly used in clinical psychology but seldom applied in educational settings: single-subject designs (actually applied to small groups). This design allows a researcher to evaluate the influence of an…