Used prospective longitudinal design to ascertain whether different types of behavioral inhibition were stable from toddler to preschool age, and whether inhibited temperament or parenting style predicted children's subsequent social/behavioral problems. Found that traditional and peer-social toddler inhibition predicted socially reticent behavior…

Examined through mail surveys of youth, parents, and social workers the predictive value of selected risk and protective factors in explaining self-sufficiency skills of 219 ethnically diverse 12- to 15-year-olds in foster care. Found that protective factors related to greater self-sufficiency skills, and risk factors were negatively associated.…

Suggests that the quality of cultural resilience enables some Native American students to overcome difficulties and complete their education. Identifies these cultural factors as spirituality, family strength, elders, ceremonial rituals, oral traditions, tribal identity, and support networks. Describes the Family Education Model developed by…

Four hundred undergraduates were asked to describe their construals of male and female stereotypes. Results support the notion that people's perceptions of maleness are more stereotypically framed than their perceptions of femaleness, suggesting that more draconian notions of gender appropriateness are applied to males than to females in our…

Studied parent, child, and marital attributes to explore factors that are most closely tied to levels of overall family functioning in households containing young developmentally disabled children. Surveyed 88 families using in-home interviews of parents. Found that level of family functioning had no relationship to specific child attributes but…

Explores two dichotomies that depict moral education and examines the strengths and weaknesses of the four principal orientations to moral education. Provides an integrated theory of moral education that incorporates both sides of each dichotomy providing necessary dimensions to research, theory, and practice of moral education. (Author/DB)

The individuation process was explored from a social-cognitive perspective using 61 kibbutz adolescents and youth in grades 4, 7, and 10, and post-high school in military service. Results support the developmental sequence of the individuation construct in kibbutz adolescents and fit the model proposed by A. Mazor (1985). (SLD)

Computerized and paper-and-pencil versions of four standard personality inventories administered to 147 undergraduates were compared for: (1) test-retest reliability; (2) scores; (3) trait anxiety; (4) interaction between method and social desirability; and (5) preferences concerning method of testing. Doubts concerning the efficacy of…

The definitions that college and university presidents offer when they are asked to interpret the meaning of leadership are consistent with leadership theories emphasizing social power, directive influence, and role behavior. Greater attention to the implications of alternative theories focusing on social exchange might help presidents be more…

Surveys 300 public high schools to explore the hypothesis that high school psychology courses focus on personality development while college courses have a scientific-experimental basis. Provides current information for comparison with prior research relative to high school courses and teachers. Concludes that high school psychology courses and…

Synthesizes theoretical and empirical findings about psychological responses to traumatization across survivors of rape, childhood sexual or physical abuse, domestic violence, crime, disasters, and the Vietnam War. Describes five major categories of response and presents new theoretical model for understanding individual variations in victim…

Describes a study that identified both technical aptitudes and personality characteristics that are related to academic orientation variables previously found to predict information retrieval performance. It is argued that individual characteristics should be described so that they can be accommodated through design and training. (74 references)…

Research with young Caucasian children found that, in response to unfamiliar situations, about 15 percent were consistently shy or inhibited, while another 15 percent were consistently sociable or uninhibited, and that these traits persisted through age eight. Both physiological and environmental factors were found to influence these temperamental…

Examined relationship between student characteristics of ego development, psychological type, and educational aspiration and importance assigned by college freshmen (N=220) to dimensions of pre-registration course choice information. Results revealed that student characteristics examined related to importance assigned to different kinds, sources,…

Difficulties in using the double-blind method of evaluation with use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields led to an open evaluation with 96 patients with musculoskeletal diseases, neurological disorders, circulatory diseases, or gastroenterological diseases. This paper reports the impact of use on dependency, pain, and patient satisfaction. (DB)