The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand the perspective of early childhood Montessori Guides about quality in an early childhood classroom. Guides' perspectives on and use of early childhood observation tools, the ECERS and the CLASS were explored. As most states implement Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS), it is…

This "Equity Tool" is designed for teachers that want opportunities to think about culture and what it has to do with teaching and learning. In this tool we briefly theorize what culture is, and what it has to do with teaching and learning. Next, we introduce a useful framework for thinking about cultural practices in schools. Finally,…

Building on the papers in this special issue, this article uses modern conceptions of validity theory to provide a framework for considering the evaluation of teaching quality. The 3 facets of teaching quality focused on are domain conceptualization, evidence and inferences, and their evaluation. Domain definitions vary in their specificity with…

The Classroom Strategies Assessment System-Observer Form (CSAS-O) is a classroom observational system that combines direct observations and rating scales to assess teacher instructional and behavioral management practices, inform goals, plan professional development interventions, and monitor progress. CSAS-O Strategy Rating Scales yield scores…

According to the Michigan Department of Education, between 2011 and 2017, the number of multilingual learners (MLs) enrolled in K-12 schools in the state increased by more than 50%. In 2017, the average teacher to ML ratio in the state was an alarmingly low 1:168. To increase the number of teachers prepared to effectively serve MLs, we developed…

Purpose: This paper aims first to describe the most prevalent teachers' and students' behaviors in synchronous online classes in emergency remote teaching; second, to discern behavior profiles and third, to investigate what features explain the observed behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: An adapted COPUS observation protocol was employed to…

There is increasing awareness of the high levels of support needed for literacy learning for children on the autism spectrum. Although research has investigated the quality of the classroom literacy environment, little attention has been paid to examining the classroom literacy environment in specialist classrooms catering specifically for…

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many instructors were forced to adjust from in-person to emergency remote teaching; however, classroom observation protocols, like the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS), have only been developed and validated for in-person instruction. Therefore, we developed and validated an…

The main purpose of this paper is to bring out an overview or feedback of initial trainee teachers on regular classroom teaching observation. The researcher acted as a mentor, observed the trainees, their behaviour and found their difficulties to face real observation is a formal and informal observation of teaching. purposeful examination of…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of a virtual reality (VR) classroom experience for improving the capacity of instructional leaders. Specifically, school leaders used VR to build their classroom observation and analysis skills to prepare to have more effective post-observation conversations with teachers. The authors…

Classroom discourse is a core medium of instruction -- analyzing it can provide a window into teaching and learning as well as driving the development of new tools for improving instruction. We introduce the largest dataset of mathematics classroom transcripts available to researchers, and demonstrate how this data can help improve instruction.…

Regular class observations are one of the means to monitor factors and dynamics that influence quality learning. From 2016, the Rwanda education system introduced a new curriculum known as Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC), which ensures fosters more the learner-centered approach. This study was carried out to assess CBC input after four years of…

The constraints and demands on teachers and students, related to implementing English medium instruction (EMI), mean that teachers need to be able to reflect on their practice and make appropriate adjustments. Reflective practice generally means that EMI teachers subject their philosophy of practice, principles, theories and practices to a…

This volume presents the second edition of the "Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) Observation Scheme." Since the book's original publication, COLT has become well established as a research instrument in L2 teaching and learning. This new edition brings COLT into the 21st century by introducing digital versions of the…

Although pronunciation instruction (PI) has started to gain prominence in second language teacher professional development (PD) research (e.g. Nguyen & Newton, 2021), relatively less attention has been given to PD programs in an online format. Adopting a Sociocultural Theoretical (SCT) perspective, this dissertation explored the role of an…