The "Research & Action Report," published twice a year, is a window on the activities and initiatives at the Wellesley Centers for Women. The report typically features news about the Centers, interviews with researchers, commentary on recent events or social trends affecting women and girls, announcements of new publications, and much more.…

This Issue Brief provides a detailed description of the proportion of elementary school students receiving special education in kindergarten, first grade, third grade, and fifth grade; the primary disabilities of these students; and the variation in these measures across a range of demographic and school characteristics. Data for this analysis are…

With the current reformation of school counseling and the increasing expectations of school counselors, all counselors' work activities include some Comprehensive School Counseling Program (CSCP) activities. This exploratory study focused on differential patterns among elementary, middle, and high school counselors' daily work activities and on…

Participation in school-choice programs has been increasing across the country since the early 1990s. While some have examined the role that families play in the school-choice process, research has largely ignored the role of social contexts in determining where a student attends school. This article improves on previous research by modeling the…

This study examines patterns of literacy instruction in schools adopting three of America's most widely disseminated comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (the Accelerated Schools Project, America's Choice, and Success for All). Contrary to the view that educational innovations seldom affect teaching practices, the study found large…

This study investigates the level of students' learning when using e-lectures to increase the flexibility of the learning experience. Two cohorts of students were presented with the same material in lecture format. The control group attended a traditional live lecture, while the treatment group was offered an e-lecture with the same content. Both…

Drawing on data collected from two longitudinal Cohort Studies following the lives of over 20,000 individuals born in the United Kingdom 12 years apart in 1958 and 1970, respectively, this paper examines antecedents and outcomes of educational and occupational aspirations of young men and women, covering the transition from dependent childhood…

Despite the potential importance of delineating the development of alcohol use over the adolescent years, detailed investigations of incremental increases in alcohol use in adolescence are rare. Age- and gender-related differences in frequency, quantity, patterns, and consequences of alcohol use were examined among 1,260 male and 1,338 female…

Examined impact of age, period, and cohort effects on United States white male suicide rates between 1933 and 1978. Employed Shazam ordinary-least-squares computer package to estimate logit coefficients for seven models. Results revealed that period effects were weaker than age and cohort effects for explaining shifts in white male suicide…

Calls for a return to the conceptualization of Mannheim about generations and a parallel conceptualization concerning age groups. The usefulness of this approach is discussed in terms of the political sociology of age relations. Recommends precise definition and use of the terms cohort, generation, age grade, age stratum, age group, and generation…

The situational specificity hypothesis predicts that, if the setting does not vary, validity will not vary. Using data from a large-sample validity study numerous small-sample studies were generated for which the setting was held constant. Results indicate variability across studies in observed validity coefficients, significance levels, and…

Examines individual and labor market influences on wage attainment across the different family and work schedules followed by 1,417 married women aged 30 to 44. Results showed early career entry, continuous employment and favorable industrial locations yielded higher wages at midlife, although few women fit this pattern. (JAC)

This study was undertaken to evaluate models that could be used to set single-year individual student academic growth targets. Multiple terms of individual student reading and mathematics test results were analyzed to predict each student's final status score in each subject. Test records from more than 5,300 students in 3 cohorts were used; 2…

This paper examines how predictive modeling can be used to study application behavior. A relatively new technique, artificial neural networks (ANNs), was applied to help predict which students were likely to get into a large Research I university. Data were obtained from a university in Iowa. Two cohorts were used, each containing approximately…

Examined the hypothesis that the higher the divorce rate, the more likely that unhappy couples will terminate their marriages. Shows that when type of sample, dependent measure, and method of analysis are held constant, the increased divorce rate is not an important factor in explaining marital satisfaction. (Author)