Underrepresentation of women in higher status, traditionally male occupations has been attributed to sex-role socialization and to discrimination. Female students entering traditionally male professions may suffer many of the same pressures that have prevented other women from entering these fields. Undergraduate women (N=64) and men (N=21) in…

Research indicates that stability and level of self-esteem can provide information about other aspects of behavior. The relationship of stability of self-esteem to academic variables among elementary school students was examined in an effort to replicate and extend findings from a previous study. The hypotheses were concerned with the relationship…

Major specializations in the discipline of physical education are often identified by the terms: history of physical education; exercise physiology, biomechanics, motor development, motor learning, sport psychology, and sport sociology. In this text, two chapters are provided on each of these specialized areas. One chapter describes the emergence…

This paper, presented at the 1979 meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), focuses on curricular interventions which have been used by the University of Minnesota to reduce mathematics anxiety among adults. It summarizes four approaches for dealing with the problem and describes the model used by the Math Anxiety Program of…

The paper defines the term "culture shock" and discusses the changes that this state can make in a person's behavior. Culture shock refers to the emotional and physiological reaction of high activation that is brought about by sudden immersion in a new culture. Because one's own culture shields one from the unknown and reduces the need to make…

Retirement is a major issue facing the older American man. Not only must he give up his work, a source of identity and self-esteem, the retiree must also face new relationships with his spouse, children, and peers; and he must learn to use leisure time appropriately. Widowerhood is a second major issue. Aside from deep emotional loss, the widower…

Formerly married persons who have children often experience psycho-sexual problems and adjustments. Typically, a single parent has left a monogamous family situation, and his/her re-entry into a "singles" life style requires adaptation in every sphere of life, including economic status, nature and style of the family, changes in…

IN PREVIOUS STUDIES, A NUMBER OF PERSONALITY VARIABLES, INCLUDING ADJUSTMENT, MOTIVE-TO-ACHIEVE, MOTIVE-TO-AFFILIATE, ACCEPTANCE OF SELF AND OTHERS, AND ACCEPTANCE OF ADULT VALUES HAVE BEEN STUDIED TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT. INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG THESE VARIABLES WERE EXAMINED IN THIS STUDY. THE CALIFORNIA TEST OF…

The role played by stress in the prognosis of schizophrenia is not entirely clear. It has been suggested that high premorbid stress levels before first-time psychiatric admission for schizophrenia will be related to better outcome. Subjects, first-time psychiatric admissions classified as schizophrenic by either Schneider's First Rank Symptoms,…

This instructional handbook is one of a series of ten packets designed to form a comprehensive course in nutrition for secondary students. This unit takes a critical look at the claims being made for vitamin C and it introduces students to the other water-soluble vitamins, the B-complex. It contains a page of teaching suggestions, a pre-test for…

Some antecedent causes of the resistance or inability of women to set goals are explored. Aspects of socialization and education which determine the decision-making and goal-setting behavior of women in adolescence and in maturity are delineated. The thesis is put forth that political and societal institutions are, to a great extent, responsible…

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and achievement and to explain why changes in self-esteem have not resulted in changes in achievement. It is postulated that self-esteem affects achievement indirectly through the medium of coping skills. Data from a study of 1657 students in 53 sixth grade classrooms in…

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between life-style, personality, role concept, and the influence of significant others in married women pursuing traditional, neotraditional, and nontraditional life-styles. Traditional women are defined as those who left paid employment after marriage or the birth of their first child;…

After a critical review of research which deals with various aspects of aspirations, expectations and educational attainment, this study attempts to determine the social psychological antecedents of black educational levels of aspiration. The study is based upon data colledted from black sophomore students at a large, predominantly white…

This book recounts experiments with small groups of social workers and teachers who came together in order to improve their understanding of human relations and personality development. The technique employed can be called non-directive tutoring, and is a type of group-centered discussion. The role of the leader is to clarify and interpret what is…