Latin American women are examined in terms of their traditional, economic, and educational roles, and functional literacy programs in Ecuador and Venezuela are described. (LH)

A discussion of education and educational opportunities for women in Arab States includes formal education and literacy (examining formal education, primary school enrollment, and women's illiteracy) and non-formal education (examining a Saudi Arabian literacy program, joint action by Arab States, and the Arab Literacy and Adult Education…

A study of classroom organization showed that it affected the social status of fifth- and sixth-grade boys, especially when the teachers' perceptions of the boys' academic abilities were reinforced in ability-grouped classes. (Editor)

Examples are cited to support the argument that structures and spaces, especially public buildings and spaces, establish and reaffirm hierarchies of values for society. These buildings and spaces define both goals and people as important or as expendable, and win support for the values of those groups that are already powerful. (JMD)

Describes an epidemiological study of the patterns and correlates of survival after early (age 62 to 64) and normal retirement (age 65). Death rates were significantly elevated during the first, fourth, and fifth years after early retirement. Pre-retirement health status was the only significant predictor of survival after early retirement.…

A study of the educational background of a random sample of prominent men born between 1810 and 1859, and listed in major biographical encyclopedias for Germany, France, United Kingdom, and the United States. The intellectual elite including writers, artists, private scholars, senior university professors, and clergymen, is strongly represented in…

In response to criticism, the author maintains his assertion that class is of growing importance and race is of decreasing significance in determining blacks' chances in life. (Author/AM)

America's elderly are affected in very special ways by the law: some as a result of special legislation or court decisions, some deriving from the objective life-situation of certain old people, and some from the special prejudices that are visited upon the elderly. (Author)

The traditional manner of designating a married womans' social status by her husbands' occupational attainment is questioned, and a framework is proposed for re-conceptualizing a married womans' social standing in terms of both her own and her husbands' occupational attainments. Presents the results of a Milwaukee area survey of a random sample of…

Discusses the institutional effects of education as a system of social legitimation which confers success on some and failure on others. Comparative and experimental studies are suggested. (Author/DB)

Reviews the two most prominent methodological procedures used in the study of elites: social background investigations and decision making analyses. Neither of these methodologies when used alone can resolve the power structure debate and two research strategies are offered in an attempt to cast new light on the controversy. (Author/AM)

Sketches the career of three obscure immigrant ethnic women, and explores how, coming from patriarchal ethnic cultures, they were able to achieve what they did. Also shows these women were not unique and discusses briefly the activities of other immigrant women. (Author/AM)

With some Congressional resistance, the Commission on Civil Rights began in 1957 and vigorously promoted civil rights until 1983. Today it lacks credibility due to questionable reorganization practices, a narrow definition of civil rights, and a change from the role of watchdog to one of preserver of the status quo. (VM)

The author analyzes research methodologies used in determining historical literacy rates. Three basic systems used are (1) book ownership, (2) school growth and attendance, and (3) document signatures. He finds the last of these methods to be more reliable than the others, though it says little about literacy quality. (CH)

The increasing recognition of teaching as a profession is discussed. Factors which enhance and detract from this status are considered. The teacher employment market is evaluated; top salaries in large cities are listed. Suggestions for career growth and development are given. (JL)