Discusses the failure of traditional approaches to problem-solving in social systems and proposes a cybernetic system as a means of dealing with complex urban problems. (AA)

Analyses of reports of patients' problematic concerns indicated, among other things, that patients and therapists generally agreed when concerns were present or absent in therapy session, but differed in interpretive emphasis. (CK)

Results indicate that the formal operations tasks employed in the study are correlated, except for the Inhelder and Piaget chemical bodies tasks. (MH)

An attempt was made to categorize the levels of thinking of teachers and students, as revealed by their verbal behavior. (Author/CK)

Research of V. A. Krutetskii on mathematics problem solving processes are considered for their implications for gifted programing. His findings are explained to stress qualitative differences in mathematically gifted students and inadequacy of standardized mathematics achievement tests. (CL)

The relative effects on creativity of the dialectal inquiry method (DI) and the devil's advocate technique (DA) were examined with 45 upper-division business students who performed a ball in pipe task designed to evoke problem solving. The DA was found to be more effective than the DI method. (MC)

A problem-solving conference used in self-contained classes for behavior disordered high schoolers is intended to provide a structure for handling conflicts and disagreements. Conferences may be called by students or staff members and are designed to produce workable plans of action. The approach develops interdependence, trust, and…

The question of which aspects of a problem are hard to remember is addressed. A series of studies assessing the difficulty of representing various kinds of algebraic information in memory are presented. (Author/GK)

Part two of the paper reports some recent illustrative findings on the role of planning in human problem solving behavior. Some implications of these researches for mental retardation are discussed. (Author/SB)

A new way of classifying tasks and problems used in studies with deaf people is presented. It is claimed that this classification system allows for the specification of tasks on which deaf people perform equally well as hearing people and of tasks on which they fail in comparison. (Author)

Theories of the creative process--including psychoanalytic, Gestalt, association, perceptual, humanistic, cognitive-developmental, and composite theories--are summarized and a new one offered, based on studies of creative scientists' descriptions of their work.

Fourteen steps are suggested: perceive problem, decode written symbols, formulate general meaning, translate the general message into the mathematical message, determine question(s), gather data, analyze relationships, decide on processes, estimate answers, encode data into mathematical sentences, perform operations, answer questions, and check…