Review of research of counselors' influence on clients indicates clients respond more to the counselor role rather than to the individual. Nonverbal communication is often more effective than verbal statements in affecting clients' perceptions. Counseling may be considered an instance of social influence. Further research is recommended. (JAC)

The process of reporting evaluation results is described in terms of communications theory. Results of several simulated studies of factors which influence the credibility of evaluators and reports are summarized, and implications are discussed. (Available from: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 433 California St., San Francisco, CA 94104, single issue, $6.95.)…

Results reveal no racial differences on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales or the Adjective Checklist personal adjustment scale. Significant racial differences on the L, F and cynicism scales support the interpretation of cultural rather than differential racial adjustment. Sex differences were more prevalent than race…

Examines the hecklers and their tactics as well as the major candidates' strategies for dealing with this phenomenon during the 1968 campaign. Assesses the heckling's legitimacy in light of the First Amendment which protects the rights of both the hecklers and speakers to be heard. (JMF)

The Indian students clearly rated the simulated interviews more positively when the counselors enacted trustworthy roles. The ethnicity of the counselor may not be important provided that the non-Indian counselor is trained to use culturally appropriate communicative and trustworthy behaviors. (Author)

Certification procedures protect consumers, but when licensing institutions become monopolistic, alternative paths to credentialing need to be considered. A series of articles examine third party payments, a changing job market and consumer protection concerns, all of which have had an impact on credentialing problems. (JAC)

Investigated two variance estimation procedures on a normed test treated as a criterion-referenced test. The first estimation procedure estimated the standard deviation systematically higher, whereas the second procedure's estimation was systematically lower than the actual standard deviation. (Author/RC)

Studied effects of specialized training and expert nonverbal behaviors. Female undergraduates viewed videotapes of a counseling interaction between a professional counselor and confederate client, and rated the counselor on credibility. Results indicated that each manipulation significantly affected perceived expertness. Expert nonverbal beahvior…

Studied effects of durations of eye contact over two counseling conditions. Females observed counseling interviews and rated counselors on effectiveness. Counselors using both styles were rated higher on all dimensions. In problem-focused conditions, the counselor was rated lower in genuineness. Differences did not hold for high level of eye…

Although strong counselor gender preference was evident, this study indicated no significant difference in the perceived credibility of the counselor, regardless of gender or of the client concerns. (Author)

Results indicated that both objective evidence and nonverbal behaviors significantly affected perceived expertness. There was no difference in the credibility ratings of the counselor between male and female subjects. Objective evidence and sex interacted significantly, as did objective evidence and nonverbal behavior. (Author)

Discusses several studies of whether and how well humans can detect lies. Examines the accuracy of such persons as well as the process of how they actually detect lies, how they think they detect lies, and whether the actual and perceived processes of lie detection correspond to one another. (JMF)

Presents evidence supporting the prediction that violations of induced receiver expectations and the intensity of a persuasive message are mediators of resistance to persuasion. Positive and negative violations of expectations are examined in terms of counterarguing. (JMF)

Article discusses how the "...communication media no longer simply report political events.../but/are integrally bound in the very nature of the political process." (Author/RW)