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Carvalho Pereira, Andreia; Violante, Inês R.; Mouga, Susana; Oliveira, Guiomar; Castelo-Branco, Miguel – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
The nature of neurochemical changes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains controversial. We compared medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurochemistry of twenty high-functioning children and adolescents with ASD without associated comorbidities and fourteen controls. We observed reduced total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA) and total creatine, increased…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Adolescents, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Fischer, Jean-Paul; Luxembourger, Christophe – Education Sciences, 2018
Reversing characters (digits and letters) when writing, and complete mirror writing, raise one of the oldest and most mysterious questions in developmental and educational psychology: Why do five-year-old children write symbols (e.g., [reversed E] for E) they have neither learnt nor seen? Attempts to draw up a complete explanatory theory of…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Handwriting, Young Children, Memory
Nasim, Abu Muhammad – ProQuest LLC, 2018
The general public harbors misconceptions about mental illnesses; particularly, auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). Misconceptions about the causes, dangerousness, and treatment of mental illnesses constitute barriers for treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a neurobiological refutation text was more effective than a…
Descriptors: Mental Disorders, Misconceptions, Etiology, Intervention
Sanders, Jane Elizabeth – Journal of Social Work Education, 2021
The objective of this teaching note is to further discussion, application, and research on trauma-informed educational practices in social work. Trauma has a pervasive effect across social work service sectors. Both generalist and specialized education about trauma could reduce misinterpretation of coping strategies and retraumatization of…
Descriptors: Trauma, Counselor Training, Course Content, Social Work
Danovitch, Judith H.; Fisher, Megan; Schroder, Hans; Hambrick, David Z.; Moser, Jason – Child Development, 2019
This study explored developmental and individual differences in intellectual humility (IH) among 127 children ages 6-8. IH was operationalized as children's assessment of their knowledge and willingness to delegate scientific questions to experts. Children completed measures of IH, theory of mind, motivational framework, and intelligence, and…
Descriptors: Neurology, Physiology, Social Cognition, Self Evaluation (Individuals)
Armstrong, Thomas – Educational Leadership, 2017
The way special education is carried out in U.S. schools must change. Special education has become weighed down by its emphasis on deficits and disorders: As regular education has opened to new ways of thinking about brain neuroplasticity, growth mindsets, and other innovations, special education has held fast to its diagnostic categories,…
Descriptors: Special Education, Brain, Neurological Impairments, Neurology
Simon, David M.; Damiano, Cara R.; Woynaroski, Tiffany G.; Ibañez, Lisa V.; Murias, Michael; Stone, Wendy L.; Wallace, Mark T.; Cascio, Carissa J. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
Altered patterns of sensory responsiveness are a frequently reported feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Younger siblings of individuals with ASD are at a greatly elevated risk of a future diagnosis of ASD, but little is known about the neural basis of sensory responsiveness patterns in this population. Younger siblings (n = 20) of children…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Siblings, At Risk Persons
Ferrara, Nicole C.; Cullen, Patrick K.; Pullins, Shane P.; Rotondo, Elena K.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2017
Generalization of fear can involve abnormal responding to cues that signal safety and is common in people diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Differential auditory fear conditioning can be used as a tool to measure changes in fear discrimination and generalization. Most prior work in this area has focused on elevated amygdala activity…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain, Memory, Discrimination Learning
Goode, Travis D.; Maren, Stephen – Learning & Memory, 2017
Surviving threats in the environment requires brain circuits for detecting (or anticipating) danger and for coordinating appropriate defensive responses (e.g., increased cardiac output, stress hormone release, and freezing behavior). The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical interface between the "affective…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Fear, Brain, Neurology
Luque, Jenna Silver – ProQuest LLC, 2017
Clear speech is a speaking style that has been shown to improve intelligibility in adverse listening conditions, for various listener and talker populations. Clear-speech phonetic enhancements include a slowed speech rate, expanded vowel space, and expanded pitch range. Although clear-speech phonetic enhancements have been demonstrated across a…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Hypothesis Testing, Syllables, Listening
Izbicki, P.; Stegemöller, E. L.; Compton, J.; Thompson, J. – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2021
The first-year student experience in college is a crucial time for personal and professional development, especially for students entering science, technology, education, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Unfortunately, it is also the time when students most commonly leave STEM, largely due to disconnection from faculty and peers. The Freshman…
Descriptors: Diseases, College Freshmen, STEM Education, Peer Relationship
Ibáñez Azorín, Estefanía; Martin-Lobo, Pilar; Vergara-Moragues, Esperanza; Calvo, Ana – Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2018
In recent decades there has been great interest in the study of dyslexia and the difficulties that students with dyslexia presented in reading. The result of the various studies have found dyslexia as a complex disorder with a multifactorial genesis in the predominantly phonological difficulties, neuropsychological and other learning, among which…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Teachers
Lacková, Marta – Arab World English Journal, 2020
Terminology represents a significant factor in healthcare communication between specialists and patients. The present paper deals with the lexicosemantic characteristics of multi-word lexical units "multiple sclerosis," "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," "Parkinson's disease," "Alzheimer's disease,"…
Descriptors: Diseases, Computational Linguistics, Semantics, Vocabulary
Ford, Talitha C.; Crewther, David P.; Abu-Akel, Ahmad – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2020
Continued human and animal research has strengthened evidence for aberrant excitatory-inhibitory neural processes underlying autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorder psychopathology, particularly psychosocial functioning, in clinical and nonclinical populations. We investigated the extent to which autistic traits and schizotypal dimensions were…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Schizophrenia, Neurology
Hansen, Katelin F.; Sakamoto, Kensuke; Aten, Sydney; Snider, Kaitlin H.; Loeser, Jacob; Hesse, Andrea M.; Page, Chloe E.; Pelz, Carl; Arthur, J. Simon C.; Impey, Soren; Obrietan, Karl – Learning & Memory, 2016
miR-132 and miR-212 are structurally related microRNAs that have been found to exert powerful modulatory effects within the central nervous system (CNS). Notably, these microRNAs are tandomly processed from the same noncoding transcript, and share a common seed sequence: thus it has been difficult to assess the distinct contribution of each…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Neurology