How young people respond to verbal abuse directed at them purely because they are unemployed was studied. It was found that since young unemployed blame themselves for their failure to gain a job, they do not regard abuse as unjust and, consequently, are unable to defend themselves adequately. (Author/RM)

Family practice residents and their spouses from the Albany, New York area were studied to assess the frequency of stressful events in their lives and to quantify adverse psychosocial effects associated with that stress. A questionnaire produced by the University of Minnesota and Symptom Checklist-90 were used. (Author/MLW)

Reviews two recent books that place the discussion of Japanese education within the social and psychological context of Japanese culture. One book depicts Japanese society's commitment to children; the other explores conceptual and empirical issues related to U.S.-Japanese comparative studies in child development. (RH)

Provides a rationale for the focus on working with youth in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) targeting specific behavior patterns learned in childhood and youth that are implicated in the development of chronic diseases. Reviews promising community-wide strategies for youth and argues that they are efficacious and efficient for primary…

Administered the Eating Inventory and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to smoking subjects assigned to cigarette abstinence or to continued smoking. Found abstinent smokers with high Disinhibition Scale scores overate more than did nonabstinent smokers or abstinent smokers with lower scores when participating in a subsequent ice cream tasting…

Subjects with long standing disabilities ranked disabilities on a scale of fortunate to unfortunate. Subjects tended to rank themselves as more fortunate (and therefore less disabled) than individuals with other types of disabilities, unlike nondisabled or recently disabled persons. The results suggest adaptation to disability after the remission…

The family-school relationship was analyzed using an ecological/systemic model incorporating an ethnographic perspective. Five family-school relationship patterns were examined: avoidant, competitive, merged, one-way, and collaborative. Case studies were included to describe the patterns and illustrate strategies for changing dysfunctional…

Reports data on the extent of abuse and neglect (both physical and emotional) in a population of middle-class families. Argues that child abuse and neglect have been studied almost exclusively in working-class communities, particularly socially marginal families. Found emotional neglect predominated over physical aggression because of middle-class…

Developed a questionnaire to compare dual-earner and nondual-earner women's stress and coping strategies. Dual-earner women reported significantly more hassles than nondual-earner women, however there were no significant differences on intensity level of hassles. Both groups used more problem-focused than emotion-focused coping strategies and both…

Associations between depression and impaired respiration in sleep are frequently noted clinically. This relationship was documented psychometrically with the Geriatric Depression Scale, a self-report measure of nonsomatic depressive symptoms. Mean values and effect size suggest that impaired respiration in sleep was associated with only relatively…

Examined perception of persons who emitted unsolicited self-disclosure as compared to perception of persons who emitted solicited self-disclosure. Listened to audiotaped vignettes consisting of actors emitting either solicited or unsolicited self-disclosure, and rated the actors on social skillfulness, social appropriateness, and interpersonal…

Assessed the extent to which postassault situational variables reflecting exposure to attack-similar stimulus appeared to relate to long-term psychological distress of victims. Determined whether a classical conditioning model could adequately describe long-term responses by victims of different forms of assault, including (but not limited to)…

Evaluates a method of identifying rejected elementary school children that involves the use of positive-nomination and rating scale measures. Shows rejected children can be identified with reasonable accuracy without administering a negative-nomination measure. (HOD)

Examined communication concerning wartime experiences in survivor families through interviews and testing of Jewish children of survivors (N=64). Results indicated that willingness to talk about experiences and frequency of communication were related to negative factors among offspring for the mother and positive factors among offspring for the…

Through three case studies of male adults (taped sessions of individual instruction), Johnston examines the psychological and social determinants of reading failure. Unlike theories that focus on neurological or processing deficit explanations, he finds reading disabilities affected by anxiety, maladaptive strategies, conflicting motives, and…