The dual training system (in-company vocational training with supplementary vocational school after completing the regular compulsory years at school) as it operates in the Federal Republic of Germany is examined. The way in which dual training takes place, starting with vocational guidance and progressing to the first job, is explained. (CT)

Discusses emergent citizen groups at the local community level: how they operate in disasters, their characteristics at emergency and nonemergency times, other types of emergence, and implications for emergency management. (CT)

This article reviews the quality circle concept, shows why its characteristics appeal to American executives, and examines some of its limitations. It looks at self-managing teams and discusses the reasons that adoptions have been relatively few. It then shows what organizational conditions are necessary for quality circles to evolve into teams.…

The author discusses aspects of the implementation phase of quality circles. He examines participant selection, participation of part-time or temporary workers, minority representation, voluntary aspect of circle programs, secrecy, and problem resolution versus politics. (CT)

Describes a sex equity guidance program in the Pittsburgh Schools, based on the change theory of Maslow and Lewin. Suggests practices that can be incorporated into secondary school vocational guidance programs and provides results of a program evaluation indicating the program influenced enrollment as well as adjustment. (JAC)

Examines self-help groups for Vietnam veterans, the reasons for their effectiveness, typical group processes, and issues for counselors who work with these groups. (Author)

Little effort has been made to combine the "writing-to-oneself" process with an exercise in creative thinking as an effective way to teach any subject or to learn a given subject. A program to combine writing and a creativity exercise to foster learning for students studying basic economics is described. (MLW)

A variety of alternatives to traditional means of financing a college education are being developed by states and institutions in response to rising tuitions. The ideas, including novel payment and loan plans and tuition futures, are often controversial because of the risks they entail. (MSE)

Examines the factors involved in the pricing of child care services. (HOD)

If art education is to be a required subject, it needs validation. Needed is an art curriculum development project, similar to 1960 projects in math and physics, that is sponsored by an agency respected both by the academic and school establishments and by the general public. (Author/RM)

Describes a program that reaches out to displaced homemakers and gives them the support they need to enter nontraditional training and jobs. Discusses program content, funding, and enrollment; an introductory displaced homemaker class; recruitment methods; career exploration; support services; dropout prevention methods; job placement; and…

This article places continuing professional education evaluation in perspective and provides practical guidance to practitioners of continuing professional education who wish to improve the quality of their decision making. Examines evaluation methods and procedures, basic guidelines, self-directed learning, program improvement, and impact…

A clinical pharmacy certificate program, the most popular among Alabama pharmacists, is described, including statistics concerning enrollment, participant characteristics, factors important in pharmacists' entering and leaving the program, and pharmacists' views of the program's strengths and weaknesses. (MSE)

How an art school was set up at home is described. A profile of a class is presented. Photographs of the ceramic sculptures made by children attending the school are included. (RM)

This article begins by reviewing major educational dissemination programs and studies. A proposed vocational education research and development dissemination program based on the dissemination principles gleaned from these experiences is then described. (CT)