We assessed verb fluency vs. noun and letter-based fluency in 199 subjects referred for cognitive complaints including Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. ANCOVAs and factor analyses identified verb, noun, and letter-based fluency as distinct tasks. Verb fluency performance in Mild Cognitive…

Across Indian Country, people can hear voices speaking ancient words, in a Cochiti extended family in New Mexico, a Navajo community school on the Arizona desert, a Native Hawaiian kindergarten, a Salish/Kootenai summertime ceremony, on the North Dakota plains, and in a Blackfeet math classroom in Montana. Unlike other language instruction…

"The Achiever" is a monthly publication for parents and community leaders from the Office of Communications and Outreach, U.S. Department of Education (ED). Each issue contains news and information about school improvement in the United States. Highlights of this issue include: (1) President Sets Agenda for Education; (2) "Beating…

This study explored a holistic model of English reading comprehension among a sample of 135 Spanish-English bilingual Latina and Latino 4th-grade students This model took into account Spanish language reading skills and language of initial literacy instruction. Controlling for language of instruction, English decoding skill, and English oral…

This article reports on a study conducted by foreign language educators in Kansas in 1974 to determine the possibilities for the practical application of foreign language skills in Kansas businesses. (CLK)

Offers tips on classroom techniques aimed at maintaining motivation among students while meeting their varied needs and fulfilling the requirements of an intermediate Russian course. (Text is in Russian.) (DH)

Future teachers are not getting enough education in area studies nor in practical use of the foreign language. They should be able to converse fulently about the foreign country. This necessitates thorough revision of university curricula, including required language courses throughout the course of study. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Describes an experiment at Birkbeck College, University of London, designed to encourage the spontaneous, uninhibited use of French by students. (PMP)

In English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) classes at the college level, students are often enrolled who have a high degree of oral fluency, but little proficiency in reading or writing. Developmental ESL students need a solid start toward "inventing" themselves as readers and writers. One method of teaching ESL students to write is to build…

The use of the term "strategy" in second language communication is discussed, and a typology of communication strategies is presented. Communication strategies are those systematic devices a second language learner uses in attempting to express precise meaning in the target language. Definitions of learning strategies and communication strategies…

THIS STUDY COMPARED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO METHODS OF ACQUISITION OF GRAMMAR BY CHILDREN. SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN EXPOSED TO "EXPANSION" (REPEATING NEAREST COMPLETE SENTENCE APPROPRIATE TO CHILD'S PARTIAL STATEMENT) AND "MODELING" (EXPOSURE TO WELL FORMED SENTENCES) WERE COMPARED TO SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WHO…

TO DETERMINE WHETHER A SMALL PORTABLE INSTRUMENT COULD BE USED WITH SPEECH THERAPY TO REDUCE STAMMERING SEVERITY, AN ELECTRONIC SOUNDMAKING DEVICE WAS DEVELOPED. INDIVIDUALLY FITTED WITH MOLDED EARPLUGS, THE DEVICE WAS SIMILAR TO A HEARING AID BUT PRODUCED A CONSTANT TONE OF SUFFICIENT VOLUME TO INTERRUPT AUDITORY FEEDBACK DURING SPEECH AND…

This paper deals with two experiments whose purposes are to investigate the linguistic competence of young children and their receptivity to adult speech. In the free response experiment, imperative sentences were presented to 1 1/2- to 2 1/2-year-olds. The sentences were minimal (a single noun), telegraphic, or full adult sentences. The youngest…

In 1922, Otto Jespersen hypothesized that women were more fluent (exhibited less hesitation in oral expression) than men because they had smaller and more central vocabularies, consisting of common words and combinations. Men's vocabularies were considered more extensive due to the inclusion of numerous novel, technical, and infrequently used…

The problems that the composition teacher finds in student writing and the philosophical hazards involved in dealing with the concepts "language" and "writing" are considered first. Active and static models of writing are examined in terms of their philosophical and pedagogical implications. Static conceptualizations of language and writing are…