Indian poverty is a result of the enforced social stagnation. Economic development in Indian country is intertwined with an Indian movement toward tribal sovereignty and political power. Economic success is not impeded by traditionalism in tribal culture and government, but it does require fair play by tribes and their leaders, an independent…

Reviews community development projects in Nicaragua that use the multiplier effect in which people learn from each other. Projects include volunteer community health promoters, women's family gardens cooperatives, soil and water conservation programs, a women's collective, and a wheelchair repair workshop. (SK)

Reviews African American cultural values that should be considered in designing urban and suburban Black communities. Discusses the following factors: (1) contact awareness; (2) a cyclical spatial orientation; (3) group orientation; (4) cooperation; (5) oneness with nature. (FMW)

In its relatively short lifetime, the European Community has implemented a responsive, developing educational policy addressing many social and economic issues affecting the life of the community. An emphasis on teaching the European dimension is aimed at increasing understanding of the community itself and mutual understanding among fellow…

This article addresses criticisms that U.S. colleges and universities have lost their moral and civic purposes. It suggests that a major problem is the fragmentation resulting from higher education's organization into departments. A University of Pennsylvania project to revitalize an urban Philadelphia neighborhood is described as an example of…

Rochester, New York, is globally competitive in optics manufacturing because of cooperative, strategic use of community resources: (1) collaboration of the University of Rochester and industry in the Center for Optics Manufacturing; (2) business cooperation in reform of the schools system; and (3) emphasis on total quality. (SK)

The Community Association in Bristol, England, sought ways to increase participation of Asian elders in social activities and community development. Antiracist outreach generated some intercultural respect, although the cultural gulf between white and Asian groups has yet to be bridged completely. (SK)

Describes projects of the School of Social Work at Central America University, Nicaragua: (1) development of a postgraduate course for professionals; (2) discovery learning and participatory action research in a fishing village; and (3) application of participatory approaches to rural development. (SK)

Analysis of survey data from 539 community leaders in 120 rural Pennsylvania school districts found that, when the effects of need and socioeconomic and ecological characteristics were controlled, past community action and community solidarity had significant effects on adoption of various local economic development strategies. (TD)

Cites literature published in the 1970s illustrating the long-held goal of integrating community services and continuing education into the mission of the community college. Argues that the goal has been realized. Urges community service educators to become leaders of the movement to help communities become self-renewing through outreach and…

The motivation/immersion model of literacy centers on the individual and isolates literacy from context. A community development approach regards literacy as a function of social structure; based on this model, literacy education programs are respectful of the culture and idiom of the community. (SK)

Three small Colorado towns that faced a declining economy as the mining resource ran out used gambling-based tourism as a strategy for community development. Although economic benefits to the towns have far exceeded expectations, negative social, environmental, and political changes, such as crime alcoholism, traffic problems, and conflicts…

Recent government reports and court cases document the disproportionate siting of landfills in communities with high populations of African Americans, Chicanos, and Native Americans. More research at the community level is necessary to explain the complex nature of this pattern of land use decision making. (Author/SK)

The adult basic education program of the University of Natal (South Africa), in conjunction with a rural development agency, is intended to train literacy teachers and develop English-as-a-Second-Language teaching materials. One implication was that what may have worked at the village level needs reconceptualization for large-scale adaptation. (SK)

Presents narrative accounts of the meaning of work and love for two Latino community youth activists, exploring how Latino community development in the city has given meaning to the lives of these youths and their families, neighbors, and other young people. The educational implications of their stories are discussed. (SLD)