The performance of 17 youth on a verbatim recall task indicated that skilled deaf readers are more able than average deaf readers to sustain a record of English function words and inflections. The relative speed of skilled readers when making lexical decisions about phonologically similar word pairs indicated greater access to phonological…

In the Dictagloss method, a short text is read at normal speed to a class of learners who jot down familiar words as they listen. Students then gather in small groups to review and reconstruct a version of the text and then compare their version with that of other groups. Implications for creativity and memory are discussed. (three references) (LB)

A study of the effectiveness of self-instructional booklets and computer software for teaching dental students endodontic diagnosis found that the self-teaching method may be as effective as traditional lectures in teaching concepts central to development of clinical decision-making skills. Sampling difficulties created problems in assessment of…

Forty deaf high school students defined words from the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and then ranked missed words in terms of expected difficulty level. After judging the accuracy of the rank-order judgments, it was determined that deaf students were unable to judge their feeling of knowing, but two hearing groups were able. (Author/JDD)

Fifty two- to three-year olds performed paired-associate or control tasks with response items that were related or unrelated. Children in the related task performed more slowly than children in the unrelated task. Findings suggest that children in the related task experienced interference in the acquisition or retrieval of paired-associate items.…

Presents cost- and time-effective assessment technique for school counselors. The technique described, early recollections, uses children's early memories to help counselors discern a pattern of their behavior. Discusses assumptions upon which technique of early recollections is built and explains how to incorporate early recollections into…

The article reviews what is known about memory strategy development and recommends that teachers of children with learning problems provide intensive training, offer feedback about the strategy, and suggest other situations in which the strategy could be used. (DB)

Interviewed primary caregivers of 99 Alzheimer's patients about existence and appearance order of linguistic symptoms to study disease effects on communication. Found that prevalence of linguistic symptoms strongly correlated with order of symptom appearance. Discusses symptom prevalence and order of appearance in relation to onset of…

This study found that 24 children (age 7-16) with mental retardation and 30 normal children were similar in remembering which of a series of tasks they performed or only imagined performing. Performance was more accurate at an immediate interview compared to an interview eight weeks later, and children remembered activities performed better than…

Uses a sample of 33 second graders and 34 fourth graders to examine the tendency of children to perceive illusory correlations leading to greater recall of events that confirm sex stereotypes. Finds that both age groups perceived illusory correlations, giving the highest frequency estimates to traditional stimuli. (FMW)

Four experiments examined 8- to 12-month olds on search and nonsearch A not B tasks, a one-location task, and control tasks. Results indicated memory for where object was hidden and expectations of where it should be found. The effect occurred at delays at which infants made the A not B error when searching, and at a longer 15-second delay.…

Examined relationship between anxiety and memory in 160 high- and low-trait-anxious sixth through eighth graders. Found that anxiety predicted memory bias toward negative relative to neutral information during conceptual but not perceptual tasks. Anxiety predicted memory bias toward positive relative to neutral information on procedural tasks and…

Used a variance-partitioning procedure to identify age-related and age-invariant components of verbal and spatial memory span in 6- to 12-year olds. Concluded that verbal and spatial short-term memory appear to rely on similar processes when serial recall is required and that development in span is closely tied to increases in processing speed.…

Evaluates the issue of producing and controlling the memories of the Holocaust as an example of the struggle over self-identity and the recognition of "the other" as a moral subject. Analyzes Israeli refusals to acknowledge the genocides/holocausts of other peoples as a test case for a humanist-oriented moral education. (DSK)

Examines three alternatives to the classical framework of early cognitive development: modularity-nativism, connectionism, and theory-theory. Arguments are marshaled to support the "theory-theory" view, which emphasizes a combination of innate structure and qualitative reorganization in children's thought based on input from the people and things…