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Elkins, Becki; Hawkins, Beck; Workman, Christine – New Directions for Student Services, 2020
This chapter explains recovery as an individual process and as an organizing framework for addressing substance use disorders.
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Rehabilitation, Individual Differences, Intervention
Corrin Moss; Sharon Kwabi; Scott P. Ardoin; Katherine S. Binder – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
The ability to form a mental model of a text is an essential component of successful reading comprehension (RC), and purpose for reading can influence mental model construction. Participants were assigned to one of two conditions during an RC test to alter their purpose for reading: concurrent (texts and questions were presented simultaneously)…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Comprehension, Test Format, Short Term Memory
Alexandra List; Gala S. Campos Oaxaca – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
While learners' evaluations of author trustworthiness have received much attention in prior research, less work has examined how students evaluate information within texts or engage in critique. Specifically, in this exploratory study, we sought to determine how effective higher education students were at engaging in research report critique, a…
Descriptors: Evaluative Thinking, Information Sources, College Students, Research Reports
Lovisa Sumpter; Anna Löwenhielm – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2024
This paper studies grade 7 (age 13) students' expressed understanding about the equal sign/notion of equivalence in order to investigate what aspects of the concept that could be seen as an established knowledge at lower secondary school/middle school. Using items from different instruments and combining these to a new one that covered a broad…
Descriptors: Symbols (Mathematics), Mathematical Concepts, Middle School Students, Knowledge Level
T. Vessonen; H. Hellstrand; P. Aunio; A. Laine – International Journal of Early Childhood, 2024
The aim of this study was to investigate individual differences in mathematical problem-solving among 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 328; n[subscript 3-year-olds] = 115, n[subscript 4-year-olds] = 167, n[subscript 5-year-olds] = 46). First, we examined the extent to which children in this age group were able to solve open and closed non-routine…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Mathematics Skills, Problem Solving, Preschool Children
Guerra, Giada; Tierney, Adam; Tijms, Jurgen; Vaessen, Anniek; Bonte, Milene; Dick, Frederic – Developmental Science, 2024
Auditory selective attention forms an important foundation of children's learning by enabling the prioritisation and encoding of relevant stimuli. It may also influence reading development, which relies on metalinguistic skills including the awareness of the sound structure of spoken language. Reports of attentional impairments and speech…
Descriptors: Children, Dyslexia, Auditory Perception, Attention
Anqi Hu – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Statistical learning (SL), the ability to detect and extract regularities from inputs, has been considered as an early-maturing and domain-general mechanism that is critical for typical language development. However, recent evidence in neurotypical adults and children have found that individuals can vary in their SL abilities across linguistic and…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Attention, Learning Processes, Age Differences
Edie C. Sanders – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to execute an intention in the future, is critical for the performance of everyday tasks important for independence and quality of life. PM failures are associated with negative health, financial, and social outcomes, and are more frequent with increased age and can be even greater for older adults…
Descriptors: Memory, Older Adults, Cognitive Ability, Neurological Impairments
Kumiko Takizawa – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The goal of this study is to contribute to the field of Japanese pedagogy by examining how Japanese native speakers and learners of Japanese as a foreign language with American cultural backgrounds take stances in discussions in Japanese. As stancetaking is a fundamental human behavior (Du Bois & Karkkainen, 2012; Iwasaki, 2015; Kiesling,…
Descriptors: Native Speakers, Second Language Learning, Japanese, Cultural Background
Stephanie A. Custode; Jhonelle Bailey; Lei Sun; Lynne Katz; MaryAnne Ullery; Daniel Messinger; Rebecca J. Bulotsky-Shearer; Lynn K. Perry – Journal of Early Intervention, 2024
Preschoolers' language abilities are associated with their social interactions in early childhood classrooms. Few studies, however, have examined associations between social interactions and objective measures of children's real-time classroom language environments, information key to informing interventions to support preschool children at risk…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Relationship, Early Intervention
Nick Henry; Briana Villegas; Kara Morgan-Short – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2024
An important issue in second-language acquisition concerns the role of explicit information (EI) and how it is affected by individual differences. The present study explored this question through a partial replication and extension of Fernández (2008: Experiment 2), which investigated the effects of EI in processing instruction (PI) for the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Second Language Learning, Spanish, Direct Instruction
Tal Ness; Valerie J. Langlois; Albert E. Kim; Jared M. Novick – Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2025
Understanding language requires readers and listeners to cull meaning from fast-unfolding messages that often contain conflicting cues pointing to incompatible ways of interpreting the input (e.g., "The cat was chased by the mouse"). This article reviews mounting evidence from multiple methods demonstrating that cognitive control plays…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Language Processing, Psycholinguistics, Cues
Zhang, Yingbin; Paquette, Luc; Pinto, Juan D.; Liu, Qianhui; Fan, Aysa Xuemo – Education and Information Technologies, 2023
It is widely recognized that debugging is challenging for novice programmers and, as such, computing educators and researchers have called for explicit debugging instruction. Debugging requires various knowledge and skills, and different students may show different strengths and weaknesses. An understanding of such individual differences is…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Programming, Novices, Troubleshooting
Coumel, Marion; Ushioda, Ema; Messenger, Katherine – Language Learning, 2023
We examined whether input modality and individual differences in attention and motivation influence second language (L2) learning via syntactic priming. In an online study, we compared the primed production of English passives by 235 L2 and native English speakers in reading-to-writing versus listening-to-writing conditions. We measured immediate…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Syntax, Priming, Attention
Niebaum, Jesse C.; Munakata, Yuko – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Performance on lab assessments of executive functions predicts academic achievement and other positive life outcomes. A primary goal of research on executive functions has been to design interventions that improve outcomes like academic achievement by improving executive functions. These interventions typically involve extensive practice on…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Academic Achievement, Individual Differences, Learner Engagement