The role of teaching materials in ELT has usually been a controversial issue in terms of what type of materials teachers should use and how important these materials are to language teaching and learning. This controversy got heated by the advent of calls for material-light classrooms and using teachers and learners as resources to liberate ELT…

This longitudinal study examined growth patterns of written syntactic complexity of Turkish learners of English. Using a nonexperimental corpus of 852 writing samples by 284 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners over three semesters, the study addressed the following questions: which indices of syntactic complexity characterize the writing…

Students' imperfect grasp of the target language is cited by educators as one of the main tenets and conundrums against the use of real literature in the EFL classroom. However, previous reviews have proven that children and teenagers are likely to become interested in texts of their own choice and in line with their current concerns. Hence, since…

The present research aims to investigate the implementation of project-based learning (PBL) in the ESP 21st-century education setting by using the Muvizu application that promotes students' motivation to learn English together with ICT and hadith. Hence, the researcher carried out descriptive quantitative research at the Manajemen Dakwah…

Gender and language studies in general have not been fully explored in most parts of the globe particularly in Nigeria. The objective of the study therefore was to examine the politeness and hedging strategies in the English language conversation of Igbo native speakers in Nigeria as well as establish whether men and women's conversational styles…

The Cognition Hypothesis postulates that more cognitively complex tasks can trigger more accurate and complex language production, thereby advancing second language (L2) development. However, few studies have directly examined the relationship between task manipulations and L2 development. To address this gap, this article reviews, via an analytic…

A variety of strategies and tools are used to assess students' learning on an ongoing basis in the context of everyday classroom experiences. Assessment information provides the foundation for decision making and planning for instruction and learning. This paper discusses about using Anecdotal Records as a tool to observe students' progress in the…

The main objective of the article is to compare several methods of evaluating multiple-choice options through classical item analysis. The methods subjected to examination include the tabulation of choice distribution, the interpretation of trace lines, the point-biserial correlation, the categorical analysis of trace lines, and the investigation…

Discourse markers, as words or phrases, play a significant role in promoting coherent segments of discourse. This paper investigates the use of discourse markers (DMs) in newspaper articles. By applying Fraser's framework, this study aims at investigating the functions and positions of DM "but" (English) and its equivalent…

Cognitive Diagnostic Models are a class of multidimensional categorical latent trait models which provide diagnostic information by reporting examinees' mastery profiles on a set of predefined skills. CDMs provide fine grained information concerning examinees' strengths and weaknesses in the subskills and subprocesses which constitute a larger…

Second language learning motivation is often analyzed as a multidimensional construct involving learner's images of their individual selves and complex statistical measures. While many of these analysis have deepened understanding of various cognitive and affective factors influencing language learner behavior, research investigating the different…

The main objective of this study is to investigate the process of foreign language acquisition of certain kid in Samarinda, as the capital city of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Two months case study have already conducted to capture all phenomenon happened especially towards important factors from several experts which are potentially influenced the…

Given the fact that the large class phenomenon cannot easily be eliminated, it is important for teachers to develop effective strategies to teach English in large classes. The purpose of this study was to understand in what ways post-observation discussions lead to increased self-awareness of a college English teacher concerning pedagogy with…

Despite a growing body of research on instructor techniques and treatments to mitigate public speaking anxiety, this issue remains prominent, especially among university students. An alternative to mitigating such anxiety is to identify authentic coping strategies that university students could practice in actual situations. Numerous studies have…

Learner beliefs about how they learn a language best play a vital role in the instructional process and the role of grammar instruction has been a much-debated topic in the research and practice of EFL instruction. This study explores learner beliefs about how they best learn grammar focusing on four construct pairs: meaning-focused versus…