This article presents an overview of a research project that was designed as a way to understand the role of Australian academic librarians in internationalising library, university, and higher education practice. In an attempt to discover what it is that librarians actually do, a survey of university librarians was undertaken to find how they develop international experience and perspective, and what it is that they describe as effective institutional practice. The article discusses the findings of the survey and some of the strategies and programs that engage librarians in the internationalisation process. (Contains 18 notes and 11 tables.)