Governance controversies have raised questions among policy makers and the public about how and why trustees are selected for public boards, to whom they are accountable, and whether current problems are just the tip of the iceberg. Having the right board in place can strengthen the higher education-state government relationship. Appointing effective governing boards, or sustaining existing ones, is critical to a successful higher education system, the pursuit of a successful state strategic agenda, and a successful governorship or legislative session. Today's challenges require the best possible boards, made up of leading citizens, selected with care and forethought, and supported with effective orientation and education programs. If states and their public higher education systems are going to make progress on issues of the public agenda--an agenda that will differ among the states but will likely include better college completion, cutting-edge research and innovation, K-12 school improvement, community and economic development, and workforce preparation--they and their institutions will need board members who can help develop, understand, support, and articulate that agenda. Sustaining strong institutions and university systems given today's fiscal challenges requires public governing boards that are engaged in the strategic work of the institution in partnership with their chief executives. Enlightened state leaders can make several positive changes by instituting some thoughtful practices that minimize counterproductive and unnecessary politics. Sustained changes may require legislation--effective public policies that will better align governing-board capacity with institutional and state needs. (Contains 2 resources.)