While there are hypotheses and theories about which portions of the brain appear to regulate which types of thinking and emotion, people aren't sure how to "change" those parts of the brain to improve critical thinking. Furthermore, while recent studies point to something called neuroplasticity, which hypothesizes that what one does, what one thinks, and what one pays attention to changes the structure and function of the brain (a strong case for education), people still didn't have the data to inform how they specifically can do that. In this article, the author argues that demands for accountability can outstrip current science's ability to prove how education affects the brain.