Child development research shows that during the 5 to 7 shift, children make a major transition from early childhood to middle childhood ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. At the same time, their entry into formal schooling thrusts them into new roles and responsibilities, often in unfamiliar settings with unfamiliar people. These challenges exist not only in kindergarten but also throughout the primary grades. To foster smooth transitions, schools should provide a web of support that meets young children's key developmental needs, including feeling safe and secure, learning to regulate their own behavior, and building relationships with others.