This article analyzes the influences of family background and institutional factors on the acquisition of education (1940-2001) and demonstrates that the increase or decrease in the inequality of educational opportunity allocations are closely linked to the government's relevant policies. The rapid growth of the inequality in educational opportunities in the recent ten or so years is, to a large extent, the outcome of government policies. Therefore, the inequality in the distribution of educational opportunities may be increasing. (Contains 1 note.)