Evidence on the effectiveness of school-based smoking restrictions on reducing pupil smoking rates is mixed. So far, the effect of such policies has only been considered using quantitative methods and "level of enforcement" has primarily been measured according to data collected from staff. This qualitative study is based on data collected during 25 discussion groups held with 13-year-old pupils concerning whether and how staff in their school addressed pupil smoking. Groups were conducted in two schools. Both served relatively deprived communities but varied in their pupil smoking rates. Pupils made reference to members of the Senior Management Team, teaching and non-teaching staff. They mentioned a range of possible staff reactions and discussed what factors they felt influenced how staff responded. It appeared that a more proactive, firm line was being taken in the "high" than in the "low" smoking school. (Contains 2 tables.)