This article provides a comprehensive and current synthesis of the legislation, regulations, policy interpretations, and case law concerning students with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury from pre-K to grade 12. The primary focus is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, but the scope extends to other applicable legal bases. The case law coverage includes the frequency and outcomes of not only court decisions but also rulings under the administrative investigation and adjudication processes of state and federal agencies. (Contains 1 table.)