This article explores philosophical and theoretical frameworks that are useful for the conduct of research with people with disabilities. It then uses these frameworks as a basis for discussion of research practices, with a specific focus on differences that occur because of specific impairments and various cultural meanings of disability. The article provides examples of research with members of the disability community that illustrate culturally appropriate understandings of disability. These understandings can then be used as a basis for social change in the disability community to enhance the members' human rights. (Contains 1 table and 1 note.)