Scrutiny over faculty allocations of time and subsequent outcomes is frequent in postsecondary education, especially at state research universities (those that receive appropriations from the state). Particularly during economic downturns, college officials and legislators must make difficult choices in fund allocation. For this reason, faculty workload and productivity continue to be highly debated issues, both within higher education institutions and legislative circles. This study examined the factors that contribute to research productivity for faculty members in today's four-year colleges and universities. Six multilevel models were developed to examine individual factors nested within characteristics of institutional type. Implications for academic planning and practice were also considered. (Contains 4 figures.)