The purpose of this research is to reveal how the concepts of living and non-living things are in the world of the primary school (4th and 5th classes) students, what they remember when they are told about living and non-living things and what the characteristics of living and non-living things are according to them. The research is a descriptive survey/review model for getting information. The study was performed on 1,066 students in total in 12 primary schools determined at random in 7 provinces, one from each region of Turkey, in the academic year of 2007-2008. 57.1% of the students expressed that they first remembered human being when they were told about living things. When the students were told about the characteristic of living things, 31% of them first remembered living things' ability to move. 30.1% of the students, however, expressed the event they were most amazed at as the existence of invisible living things. (Contains 5 tables.)