As individuals with autism age out of the educational system, families and practitioners are faced with a number of challenges, including placement concerns and limited behavioral support. Among the most significant concerns is the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior in this population. While assessment and treatment strategies have been well described in the literature, practical solutions for adults with autism are needed. The current manuscript reviews some of the challenges to best practice with older learners and potential risk factors associated with the absence of effective intervention. Alternative assessment and treatment strategies, with implications for adults on the autism spectrum, are presented as part of the review.