In this chapter Dr. Cochran uses an empirically based overarching conceptual framework linking historical patterns, current policy goals and intervening influences as a tool for understanding the policy and program outcomes manifested in the early education programs of representative Western countries (Australia, France, Italy, Sweden). Policy domains addressed include national goals, ECE pedagogies, curricula, center-home linkages, multicultural education, parent involvement, and teacher preparation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how the policy issues shaping program developments abroad have relevance for the United States. (Contains 10 notes and 3 figures.)