This article discusses the implementation this year of the Department of Education's Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA), which requires accreditors to ensure that an institution that offers distance or correspondence education has a process in place to establish that a student who registers in a course or program is also the same student who participates in and receives credit for the course or program. This requirement has generated a robust dialogue about academic integrity in the distance education community and has created opportunities for companies to provide student authentication technology. Drawing extensively on the extant literature relevant to student authentication and academic integrity, the author outlines how the federal requirements can best be met.