Individuals living with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction experience a complex and dynamic interaction of symptoms from both diagnoses. However, heretofore, each diagnosis has been approached as if it were a separate treatment consideration. Therefore, an individual may be treated for either a substance use disorder (SUD) or PTSD, and the triggering tangle of symptoms is overlooked. An integrated approach to the treatment of these diagnoses has only recently been considered in both research and practice (D. Miller, 2002). In a review of treatment approaches for PTSD and addiction, Souza and Spates (2008) reported that counselors would often use cognitive behavior therapies. Consequently, thoughts, memories, and behaviors are the targets for intervention for both disorders. As D. Miller (2002) suggested, an approach that enfolds those therapies with a holistic perspective that includes mind, body, and spirit is necessary for recovery and healing. On the basis of that assertion and recent research to test that assumption, this paper presents a current review of literature on the treatment of PTSD and addiction. It also explores perspectives on the etiology of PTSD-SUD comorbidity and the interrelation of symptoms. Implications for clinicians and future research are discussed.