Nations around the world are experimenting with ways to use salary incentives to recruit and retain teachers, fill vacancies in hard-to-staff areas, and improve student learning. These experiments come at a time when qualified teachers are in short supply and when teaching appears to be a less popular professional choice for young people. Programs in Sweden, England, Chile, Mexico, Singapore, and other countries are examined. Designing salary and incentive systems that motivate teachers to improve their practice is the goal that few countries have achieved.