Education programmes that address HIV are increasingly necessary in emergency, conflict and post-conflict (ECPC) contexts. A wide range of social, cultural, and political factors influence the prevention and treatment of HIV in such contexts. We begin this article with a description of each context, drawing on a review of recently published literature and experience coordinating HIV education programmes and research studies in a number of countries. We then provide an overview of challenges and opportunities that pertain to each ECPC context. Several national case study examples are included, highlighting obstacles to avoid and practices that have succeeded in these complex environments. We argue that HIV education can and should play an essential role in overcoming AIDS in ECPC contexts and that it is especially important among populations with high HIV prevalence. The conclusion recommends ways to best meet the needs of nations in ECPC contexts, paying special attention to the complementary issues of capacity building, prevention, treatment, and care and support from a multisectoral perspective.