The study reported here is the first systematic attempt to examine empirically the needs and characteristics of separated children seeking asylum (SCSA) in Ireland. Case files for a random sample of 100 separated children entering Ireland in 2003-2004 were scrutinised. The findings indicate that SCSA are not a homogeneous group; they face a multitude of different risks, and although some experience significantly poor outcomes, some SCSA actually thrive in their new environment and even excel upon settling in a new country. It was possible to distinguish distinct patterns of need reflecting different types of experience and difficulty, which in turn require different types of service response. (Contains 1 note and 4 tables.)