Like other districts with schools that are not meeting adequate yearly progress (AYP) goals for five consecutive years, Hawaii is restructuring its low performing schools as required by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law. Unlike most other districts, however, Hawaii, a single statewide district, has been doing it for five years with the support of three independent education consulting firms working directly with administrators and teachers in the failing schools. This article features and profiles the Hawaii State Department of Education, which hired the private firms--EdisonLearning, America's Choice, and the Educational Testing Service (ETS)--to help the schools develop in-school leadership teams, interpret student performance data and apply it in teaching strategies, and "make sure teachers are highly qualified and highly effective." With 90 of the 287 schools in Hawaii, or 31 percent, currently undergoing restructuring, and amid concerns about poor results and high costs of the effort so far, the district is preparing to change its approach and drop the three private firms after the 2010-2011 academic year.