It is just about impossible to find an adult education department in Canada that does not have a critical social justice orientation, quite often oriented to community development. Many of the faculty identify themselves with the local and or global activist community, and they see their work as merging learning and justice concerns to build up the community sphere. This is not surprising since the roots of adult education in Canada are socialist oriented and specifically grounded in community development concerns. One has only to think of the social gospel influences in developing Farm Radio and Frontier College and of Roman Catholic social teaching's role in initiating the Antigonish movement to realize that Canadian adult education is distinct in both its roots and emphases. Consequently, Canadian practitioners and academics are concerned with understanding and grappling with issues in communities such as the First Nations, African Nova Scotians, and immigrant and urban factory workers. In this chapter, the author first provides an overview of community development in Canada and a description of its roots. From there, she turns to four distinctive facets of Canadian community development: (1) the focus on adult learning; (2) the role of media and the arts; (3) the international perspective; and (4) use of a feminist lens.