Understanding the dynamics of financial support for continuing higher education students requires an understanding of the numerous programs that support adult learners. These include basic and family literacy programs, workforce education programs, programs administered under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Title IV financial aid programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education, and various tuition tax programs administered by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the form of tax credits and deductions. The authors' goal in this article is to direct continuing educators to research on the scope of financial aid for adult undergraduate (and in some cases graduate) students in the U.S. In doing so, the authors consider two fundamental sources of support for non-traditional students: (1) Federal financial aid programs (referring to Title IV financial aid programs); and (2) employee tuition reimbursement programs. Before discussing the utilization of financial aid by continuing higher education students, the authors first consider the basic issue of defining non-traditional students in the context of what the authors know about Federal aid programs.