The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral approach in changing the behavioral and cognitive skills of incarcerated girls participating in a substance abuse treatment program. A repeated measures design was used. The findings of this study revealed that the behaviors (i.e., self-monitoring, self-control, etc.) and cognitive skills (i.e., cognitive concentration, consequential thinking, etc.) of participants improved significantly. Research and practice implications are discussed. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)