In the humanities and social sciences--where partisan passions color research and teaching--higher education tends to become an intellectually closed shop. Stephen Balch recommends that, in such fields, the intellectual marketplace be reopened through a reconfiguring of academic governance informed by Madisonian principles. He contends that policy should address two related goals: encouraging as much rational discourse within an adversarial field as possible, while inhibiting the formation of intellectual monopolies based purely on organizational clout. That means that structural reforms should be considered that both draw academic adversaries into sustained reasoned discourse and afford some institutional shelter for diverse views.