This manuscript offers a general examination of special education in Ontario from its inception to the current system, including references to developments outside the province that have impacted its development. A brief summary of the historical milestones of special education is followed by a look at recent special education legislation. Details are presented on how special education functions including, how it is funded and the assessment and placement processes involved. This is followed by an examination of the sociological context of special education in society including its role, its organizational structure, and its impact on the standard classroom and on regular and special education teachers. Finally, an overview model of the current ideal inclusive educational system is presented. (Contains 2 figures and 3 tables.)