Prisons are intended to rehabilitate criminal offenders, as well as to punish and incapacitate them. The education and training systems operating within most prisons are a key component of the rehabilitation mission of prisons. Previous studies have shown a relationship between participation in educational programs and recidivism rates, with inmates who attend education programs less likely to be reincarcerated after their release. There are many reasons why prison inmates may be motivated to participate in education and training programs. Among these may be a realization that they do not have skills that will lead to employment upon their release from prison. This chapter describes the relationships among literacy, education, and vocational training in prison. The analyses in the chapter discuss both the prevalence of inmate participation in education and training programs and the relationship between literacy levels and program participation. (Contains 14 figures and 1 endnote.)