A population-based prevalence study in one region of Jamaica in 1987-1989 indicated that about 8% of the childhood population had cognitive (intellectual) disability. Some harmful beliefs and practices persist about child rearing, violence towards women, and child abuse of all types. A lack of knowledge is apparent about the efficacy of home-based learning, rather than special schools or centers for children with disabilities. A national policy on the health, education, and protection of children is not fully implemented. There is also a national policy on disability, although there are few provisions for children aged 0-8 years. A ministerial policy on education for children with special needs is a work in progress. There are approximately 2,000 children aged 4-18 years in special education programs: It is not known how many are in inclusive educational settings. Although little information is available, it is likely that most adults with intellectual disabilities do not have any formal services after they leave school. Key issues for Jamaica are a need for more emphasis on early intervention, adult services, community-based rehabilitation, professional training, and research on mild intellectual disability.