The purpose of this study was to examine the individual characteristics and mental health factors of dysthymic and nondysthymic substance abusers. Out of a total of 1,209 medical records reviewed to select cases of dysthymic and nondysthymic substance abusers attending a community drug treatment program, 183 medical records were selected, 48% of which were dysthymic substance abusers. Bivariate analyses indicated that dysthymic substance abusers were more likely to be male, older individuals, reported high levels of alcohol dependence, lower quality of life, and higher number of previous substance abuse treatment. Results from hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that age, gender, and quality of life were significant predictor for having dysthymia. Implications for the mental health field are discussed, underlining the importance of developing and providing competent treatment for substance abusers with co-occurring disorders.