This study compares the efficacy of interactive video (ITV) delivered instruction to traditional course instruction in three distinct learning environments: traditional face-to-face format, ITV host (instructor present), and ITV distant (instructor not physically present) sites. Data were obtained from a half-day professional development course offered to maintenance personnel in a state transportation agency. Results indicate that although content retention (surface learning) did not differ across groups, student perceptions of ability efficacy, instructional efficacy, and interaction efficacy did differ. Authors discuss the implications and application to academic instruction, including practical recommendations for enhancing efficacy and consideration for transfer (deeper) learning.