This study integrates and applies theoretical models linking parent cognitions to maternal engagement in a parenting program to prevent child aggression and conduct problems. African American and European American mothers of preschoolers (N = 347) reported on their child's behavior, family demographics, and parental cognitions (i.e., parenting efficacy, child attributions, perceived benefits and obstacles to engaging in a parenting program). Parental cognitions predicted mothers' intent to enroll, actual enrollment, and attendance in a preventive parenting program after controlling for demographic and child factors. Parenting efficacy, perceived benefits, and obstacles to engagement made unique contributions in predicting engagement. (Contains 5 tables and 1 figure.)