In this article, the authors make a case for greater attention by researchers to the process of school decline. This article opens with a discussion of the challenges involved in studying school decline. Challenge number one turns out to be pretty basic--gaining agreement on what is meant by the term "school decline." Other challenges include determining when decline begins and what to focus on in order to investigate the process of decline. The second section of the article proposes some possible research questions related to the topic of school decline. (Contains 1 table.)