The Health Behavior Schedule-II for Diabetes (HBS-IID) is a 27-item questionnaire that was evaluated as a predictor of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). The HBS-IID was completed by 96 adults with Type 2 diabetes. Recent glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c and fasting blood glucose results were taken from participants' medical records. Only 31.3% reported to be "very successful" in complying with prescribed SMBG. Seventy-one percent of the variance in compliance to SMBG was predicted by four HBS-IID items designed to measure general self-care skills, having promised someone to do so, self-reinforcement for doing so, and not finding it punishing. Each of the HBS-IID predictors has implications for compliance enhancement strategies. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)