In this article, Rivas (1998, 2003) presents a critical analysis of vocational behavior and counseling in the present day, questioning many of the assumptions held until now. He underscores the role played by codetermining factors from the sociocultural context in earlier positionings. Acknowledging that the educational system is insufficiently involved in encouraging students' vocational development, he insists that guidance requires trained professionals. Here he highlights the lack of specific training for the guidance function as is shown by the parallel existence of several degree programs (Pedagogy, Psychology, School Psychology), at odds with one other, each claiming to provide professional training for use in counseling departments. He goes on to indicate from the research data the prevailing importance of psychogenesis in codetermination of effective vocational behavior, with sociogenic codeterminants taking a secondary role. Rivas advocates a new approach called vocational constructivism, including both the personal teaching/learning process as well as effective counseling involvement, qualified professionals being an obvious requirement. In summary, effective vocational behavior and counseling come back to their origins.