Resurgence refers to the recovery of previously extinguished responding when a recently reinforced response is extinguished. Although the topic of resurgence has received limited experimental attention, there recently have been an increased number of investigations involving the topic. This increased experimental attention also has been accompanied by conceptual analysis. This increased interest in resurgence by both basic and applied behavior analysts is noteworthy because the topic relates to several different areas in and outside behavior analysis. This paper is a brief and selective review of resurgence, and its aim is to illustrate the importance of continuing to investigate the topic. More specifically, the role of resurgence in understanding topics such as behavioral history, drug relapse, severe problem behavior, communication disorders, and cognition, is described. (Contains 1 figure.)