The Russian Federation has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. Prevention efforts are still in the early stage, and to this date do not include a comprehensive, national HIV prevention education approach for direct application via the educational system. This study examined HIV/AIDS related knowledge of science teachers residing in an urban setting in Russia. Seventy-two teachers completed the HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitude Scale for Teachers as well as items related to demographics. Results indicated an overall low level of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS. Specifically, knowledge scores related to HIV transmission indicated teachers better understand how HIV is transmitted than how it is not. Results indicated a need for a comprehensive teacher-training curriculum emphasizing knowledge, and particularly knowledge of transmission. (Contains 3 tables.)