Although FBA has been a familiar term to those in special education for over 30 years, its formal inclusion into IDEA is relatively recent. Currently, agreement as to the nature, context, and application of the FBA process is, at best, confusing and, at worst, inadequate to direct elective practice in schools. An analysis of the issues that define FBA as an evidence-based practice in special education lead to the conclusion that function, efficiency, and context are keys to effective implementation of FBA as a school-based practice. Also included is an introduction to the articles in this special issue that serve to clarify future direction in addressing these issues.